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Experimental, Observational, And Theoretical Needs
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| ## | Needed Items | Doable, but with some effort | Difficult but being pursued | Difficult if not impossible |
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EXPERIMENTAL |
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| 1 | Elastic properties of magma | Dingwell | ||
| 2 | Magma rheology - crystal-rich magmas | Dingwell, Rutherford, Manga | ||
| 3 | Magma tensile strength | Dingwell | ||
| 4 | Permeability (hi T, P) | Dingwell, bubble people | ||
| 5 | Turbulent multi-phase flow particle interactions | Problem for chemical engineers | ||
| 6 | Quantifying nucleation (bubbles, crystals) | Navon, Mangan, Gardner, Larsen, Hammer | ||
| 7 | More surface tension | Dingwell, nucleation people | ||
| 8 | a) Volume and b) Enthalpy of volatile-rich magma | a) Lange and Dingwell | b) Dingwell? | |
| 9 | More chemical diffusivity | Zhang, Rutherford, Watson | ||
| 10 | More thermal diffusivity | Dingwell | ||
| 11 | Mechanics of fragmentation (fractography) | Dingwell, Zhang | ||
| 12 | Advective bubble growth | Zhang | ||
| 13 | Turbulent bubble growth |
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OBSERVATIONAL NEEDS |
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| 1 | Mass flux at vent | |||
| 2 | Total mass erupted | |||
| 3 | Exit velocity | |||
| 4 | Plumbing geometry | Melt inclusions give volatile content | Phase equilibria | |
| 5 | Pre-eruptive volatile concentration | |||
| 6 | Grain size distribution at vent and plume | |||
| 7 | Gas composition and flux | |||
| 8 | Plume composition and evolution | |||
THEORETICAL NEEDS |
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| 1 | Thermodynamic model | |||
| 2 | Magma-edifice interaction | |||
| 3 | Multi-scale coupling across domains | |||
Field Observations- What we can do:
Magma Chambers:
-Melt inclusions-volatile contents -> magma chamber pressure (depth) estimates
-Phase Equilibria-> P and T information on magma chambers. Late stage processes (compare with petrologic information).
-Fe-Ti oxide thermometry -> T and FO2 information on magmas. Other thermometers/geobarmoeters.
-Estimate total volume erupted. This will give minimum estimate on size/volume of magma storage region/chamber
-Petrology->magma mixing, composition of magmas, eruption triggers
-Geophysics (InSAR, GPS, others...) give estimates on volume changes, chamber locations, magma movement and ascent timescales.
-Exsolved/released volatiles form satellite data and other methods?
Conduits:
-Ascent rates (dome forming eruptions, slow eruption rates) through mineral and microlite textures (reaction rims etc).
-Lithic fragments ->Conduit wall erosion/collapse/geometry.
-Inferences on conduit geometry from seismicity and patterns. Migration of magma?
-Textural evidence of shear on conduit margins. Ripped up clasts of obsidian, sheared bubbles, mineral information
-Old eroded necks, plugs, dikes, etc. Direct field observations.
-Mass flux measurements (combined with petrologic data) Gives estimates on conduit geometry, size/shape parameters, doppler radar on velocities, particle concentrations
Long Term goals (what we are aiming for):
-Collecting post fragmentation data and inferring conditions at fragmentation.
-Vesicle data from pumice clasts (size distributions, number densities, etc). Stripping away the post fragmentation effects to say something about fragmentation conditions.
-Grain size distributions in eruption deposits extrapolated back to size distribution at fragmentation.
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Send mail to
alex.proussevitch@unh.edu with
questions or comments about this web site.
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